Monday, November 27, 2023

2024 Lucky Color - Emerald Green

 More details: https://www.thechinesezodiac.org/lucky-colors-for-the-year/

Philippines 2024 Holidays

Under Proclamation No. 368, President Marcos declared the following regular holidays:


Jan. 1      – New Year’s Day

March 28 – Maundy Thursday

March 29 – Good Friday

April 9      – Araw ng Kagitingan

May 1      – Labor Day

June 12   – Independence Day

Aug. 26    – National Heroes Day (Last Monday of August)

Nov. 30    – Bonifacio Day

Dec. 25    – Christmas Day

Dec. 30    – Rizal Day


On the other hand, the following were declared as special (non-working) days:


Aug. 21    – Ninoy Aquino Day

Nov. 1      – All Saints’ Day

Dec. 8      – Feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary

Dec. 31    – Last Day of the Year


Additional special (non-working) days:


Feb. 10    – Chinese New Year

March 30 – Black Saturday

Nov. 2      – All Souls’ Day

Dec. 24    – Christmas Eve


“The proclamations declaring national holidays for the observance of Eid’l Fitr and Eid’l Adha shall hereafter be issued after the approximate dates of the Islamic holidays have been determined in accordance with the Islamic calendar (Hijra) or the lunar calendar, or upon Islamic astronomical calculations, whichever is possible or convenient,” the Proclamation stated.


With this, the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos is advised, at the appropriate time, to recommend to the Office of the President (OP) the actual dates on which Eid’l Fitr and Eid’l Adha holidays will respectively fall. | PND


More details: https://pco.gov.ph/news_releases/regular-holidays-special-non-working-days-for-2024-bared/

Dead Stars Summary by Paz Marquez Benitez

 

Alfredo Salazar – a man of love

The short story revolves around one man, Alfredo Salazar, and the affairs of his heart. He is a man who believes in true love and hopes to find bliss in its wake. The first woman he falls in love with is Esperanza.

Their families are acquainted with each other and thus they begin a passionate relationship. But soon it fades away when Alfredo comes across another woman, Julia, who becomes the object of his desire.

Esperanza and Alfredo have their engagement after three years of romance. Alfredo, a lawyer is a man who wants warmth and compassion but Esperanza is a strong-willed, impassionate woman of principles.

His Love for Julia Salas

So when he comes across Julia Salas, sister-in-law of the Judge who is a friend of Alfredo’s father. He is strongly attracted to her. Julia is an enthusiastic and optimistic person. A woman of hope, dreams and desires.

On his visit with his father, he starts engaging in profound chats with Julia and starts getting attracted to her charm, wit and passion.  In his impassioned state, he does not even disclose the truth about his engagement to Esperanza.

In order to avoid the scrutiny of his fiancée, he starts keeping secrets from Esperanza too. One day he learns about Julia’s return to her hometown. His eyes are doomed with the fear of losing her and he decides to confess his guilt and true feelings to Julia.

His Lies are Exposed

After the Church’s function, he goes to meet her even though his fiancée is waiting for him to come to her. However, reaching to Julia, he realizes that she has already learned about his lies. She even wishes him best on his marriage to Esperanza and leaves him.

He gets a double blow when he returns home to Esperanza. She is talking to a friend about loyalty and faithfulness. Alfredo feels an urge to speak. He defends the cause of desire and choice over immorality.

This gets under the skin of Esperanza who declares that she knew about him and Julia. She encourages him to commit such immoral infidelity and cancel the wedding, all in pursuit of his heart’s content and lust. However, Alfredo surrenders to reason and sanity, and the wedding goes ahead as planned.

He Meets Julia Again

As fate would have it, he is sent on some work duty to a place near Julia’s hometown. He cannot help but resist the feeling of nostalgia and old lust for Julia. He finds an excuse and a way to the place where he met her.

She is still single and he is forced to dream about a life with her instead of Esperanza. But soon he comes to know that something is not the same after all. Julia has changed and rather lost something now.

Maybe it is her beauty, wit, charm, or even her passion, but she is a different woman. She is cold and aloof and does not extend the same warmth and affection to him anymore.

He is heartbroken and pensive and questions whether he ever loved her truly. Was it all a futile infatuation or a mere affair? Was the romance they shared, just a figment of his imagination? Whatever it was, he is no longer alive. He accepts the hard reality that anything that there may have been was there no more.


More details: https://englishsummary.com/dead-stars-summary/

Wednesday, June 13, 2018

El Filibusterismo

Buod

Simoun

Nagsimula ito sa isang paglalakbay ng bapor sa pagitan ng Maynila at Laguna. Kabilang sa mga pasahero ang mag-aalahas na si Simoun, si Isagani, at si Basilio. Labintatlong taon na ang nakalipas mula nang mamatay si Elias at si Sisa.
Nakarating si Basilio sa San Diego at sa isang makasaysayang pagtatagpo ay nakita niya si Simoun na pagdalaw sa libingan ng kanyang ina sa loob ng libingan ng mga Ibarra. Nakilala niyang si Simoun ay si Ibarra na nagbabalatkayo; Upang maitago ang ganitong lihim, ay tinangka ni Simoun na patayin si Basilio. Nang hindi ito naituloy ay hinikayat niya ang binata na makiisa sa kanyang layuning maghiganti sa Pamahalaang Kastila. Si Basilio ay tumanggi dahil gusto niyang matapos ang kanyang pag-aaral.
Habang ang Kapitan Heneral ay nagliliwaliw sa Los Baños, ang mga estudyanteng Pilipino ay naghain ng isang kahilingan sa Kanya upang magtatag ng isang Akademya ng Wikang Kastila. Ang kahilingang ito ay di napagtibay sapagka't napag-alamang ang mamamahala sa akademyang ito ay mga prayle. Sa gayon, sila'y di magkakaroon ng karapatang makapangyari sa anupamang pamalakad ng nasabing akademya.
Samantala, si Simuon ay nakipagkita kay Basilio at muling hinikayat ang binatang umanib sa binabalak niyang paghihimagsik at mangulo sa isang pulutong na sapilitang magbubukas sa kumbento ng Sta. Clara upang agawin si Maria Clara. Subali't hindi naibunsod ang ganitong gawain dahil sa si Maria Clara'y namatay na nang hapong yaon.
Ang mga estudyante naman, upang makapaglubag ang kanilang sama ng loob ukol sa kabiguang natamo, ay nagdaos ng isang salu-salo sa Panciteria Macanista de Buen Gusto. Sa mga talumpating binigkas habang sila'y nagsisikain ay tahasang tinuligsa nila ang mga prayle. Ang pagtuligsang ito ay nalaman ng mga Prayle kaya ganito ang nangyari: Kinabukasan ay natagpuan na lamang sa mga pinto ng unibersidad ang mga paskin na ang nilalaman ay mga pagbabala, pagtuligsa, at paghihimagsik. Ang pagdidikit ng mga pasking ito ay ibinintang sa mga kasapi ng kapisanan ng mga estudyante. Dahil dito ay ipinadakip sila at naparamay si Basilio, bagay na ipinagdamdam nang malabis ni Juli na kanyang kasintahan.

Maria Clara
Ang mga estudyanteng ito ay may mga kamag-anak na lumakad sa kanila upang mapawalang-sala sila, si Basilio ay naiwang nakakulong dahil wala siyang tagapagmagitan. Sa isang dako naman ay ipinamanhik ni Juli kay Pari Camorra na tulungan siya upang mapalaya nguni't sa halip na makatulong ang paring ito ay siya pang nagging dahilan ng pagkamatay ni Juli, gawa ng pagkalundag nito sa durungawan ng kumbento.
Upang maisagawa ni Simoun ang kanyang balak na paghihiganti, ay nakipagsama siya sa negosyo kay Don Timoteo Pelaez, ang ama ni Juanito. Sa ganitong paraan ay nagawa niyang maipagkasundo ang kasal nina Juanito at Paulita Gomez. Ang magiging ninong sa kasal ay ang Kapitan Heneral. Naanyayahan din niya upang dumalo sa piging na idaraos, ang mga may matatas na katungkulan sa Pamahalaan at mga litaw na tao sa lunsod.
Pagkaraan ng dalawang buwang pagkapiit ay nakalaya rin si Basilio sa tulong ni Simoun. Kaagad siyang nagtungo kay Simoun upang umanib sa paghihimagsik. Sinamantala ni Simoun ang ganitong pagkakataon upang ipakita sa binata ang bomba na kanyang ginawa. Ito ay isang lampara na may hugis Granada at kasinalaki ng ulo ng tao. Ang magarang ilawang ito ay siya niyang handog sa mga ikakasal na sina Juanito at Paulita. Ipalalagay ni Simoun ang lamparang ito sa gitna ng isang kiyoskong kakanan na ipasasadya niya ang pagkakayari. Ang ilawan ay ay magbibigay ng isang maningning na liwanag at pagkaraan ng dalawampung minuto ay manlalabo. Kapag hinagad na itaas ang mitsa upang paliwanagin, ay puputok ang isang kapsulang fulminato de mercurio, ang Granada ay sasabog at kasabay nito ay ang pagkawasak at pagkatugnaw ng kiyoskong kakanan --- at walang sinumang maliligtas sa mga naroroon. Sa isang dako naman, ay malakas na pagsabog ng dinamita sa lampara ay siyang magiging hudyat upang simulan ang paghihimagsik na pangungunahan ni Simoun.
Mag-iikapito pa lamang ng gabi ng araw ng kasal, at si Basilio ay palakad-lakad sa tapat ng bahay ng pinagdarausan ng handaan. Di-kawasa'y nanaog si Simoun upang lisanin niya ang bahay na yaong di malulutawan ng pagsabog. Ang nanlulumong si Basilio ay sisinod sana nguni't namalas niyang dumatng si Isagani, ang naging katipan at iniirog ni Paulita. Pinagsabihan niya itong tumakas nguni't di siya pinansin kaya't napilitan si Basilio na ipagtapat kay Isagani ang lihim na pakana subali't hindi rin napatinag ang binatang ito.
"Nanlalamlam ang lampara," ang pansin na di mapalagay na Kapitan Heneral. "Utang na loob, ipakitaas ninyo, Pari Irene, ang mitsa."

Ang Lampara
Kinuha ni Isagani ang lampara, tumakbo sa azotea at inihagis ito sa ilog. Sa gayon ay nawalan ng bisa ang pakana ni Simoun para sa isang paghihimagsik sa sandatahan. Tumakas sya sa bahay ni Pari Florentino, sa baybayin ng karagatang Pasipiko. Nang malapit nang mapagabot ng mga alagad ng batas ang mag-aalahas,
uminom siya ng lason upang huwag pahuli nang buhay. Ipinagtapat niya sa pari ang tunay niyang pagkatao at isinalaysay niya sa dito ang malungkot na kasaysayan ng kanyang buhay. Mula nang siya ay bumalik sa Pilipinas buhat sa Europa, labintatlong taon na ang nakalipas, ang pag-iibigan nila ni Maria Clara at pagbabalatkayo niya na mag-aalahas sa pakay na maiguho ang Pamahalaan at makipaghiganti sa pamamagitan ng isang paghihimagsik. Pagkatapos na mangungumpisal ay namatay si Simoun.
Sa nais na maiwaksi ang napakalaking kayamanang naiwan ng mag-aalahas, kayamanang naging kasangkapan nito sa pagtatanim ng mga bukto't na Gawain ay itinapon ni Pari Florentino sa karagatan ang kahong asero na kinatataguan ng di-matatayang kayamanan ni Simoun.

Mga Tauhan

Ang nobelang "El Filibusterismo" ay isinulat ng ating magiting na bayaning si Dr. Jose Rizal na buong pusong inalay sa tatlong paring martir, na lalong kilala sa bansag na GOMBURZA - Gomez, Burgos, Zamora.

Tulad ng "Noli Me Tangere", ang may-akda ay dumanas ng hirap habang isinusulat ito. Sinimulan niyang isulat ito sa London, Inglatera noong 1890 at ang malaking bahagi nito ay naisulat niya sa Bruselas, Belgica. Natapos ang kanyang akda noong Marso 29, 1891. Isang Nagngangalang Valentin Viola na isa niyang kaibigan ang nagpahiram ng pera sa kanya upang maipalimbag ang aklat noong Setyembre 22, 1891.       

Ang nasabing nobela ay pampulitika na nagpapadama, nagpapahiwatig at nagpapagising pang lalo sa maalab na hangaring makapagtamo ng tunay na kalayaan at karapatan ang bayan.
     
Mga Tauhan: 

Simoun
Ang mapagpanggap na mag-aalahas na nakasalaming may kulay

Isagani
Ang makatang kasintahan ni Paulita
 
Basilio
Ang mag-aaral ng medisina at kasintahan ni Juli

Kabesang Tales
Ang naghahangad ng karapatan sa pagmamay- ari ng lupang sinasaka na inaangkin ng mga prayle

Tandang Selo
Ama ni Kabesang Tales na nabaril ng kanyang sariling apo

Ginoong Pasta
Ang tagapayo ng mga prayle sa mga suliraning legal

Ben-zayb
Ang mamamahayag sa pahayagan

Placido Penitente
Ang mag-aaral na nawalan ng ganang mag-aral sanhi ng suliraning pampaaralan

Padre Camorra
Ang mukhang artilyerong pari

Padre Fernandez
Ang paring Dominikong may malayang paninindigan

Padre Florentino
Ang amain ni Isagani

Don Custodio
Ang kilala sa tawag na Buena Tinta

Padre Irene
Ang kaanib ng mga kabataan sa pagtatatag ng Akademya ng Wikang Kastila

Juanito Pelaez
Ang mag-aaral na kinagigiliwan ng mga propesor; nabibilang sa kilalang angkang may dugong Kastila

Makaraig
Ang mayamang mag-aaral na masigasig na nakikipaglaban para sa pagtatatag ng Akademya ng Wikang Kastila ngunit biglang nawala sa oras ng kagipitan.

Sandoval
Ang kawaning Kastila na sang-ayon o panig sa ipinaglalaban ng mga mag-aaral

Donya Victorina
Ang mapagpanggap na isang Europea ngunit isa namang Pilipina; tiyahin ni Paulita

Paulita Gomez
Kasintahan ni Isagani ngunit nagpakasal kay Juanito Pelaez

Quiroga
Isang mangangalakal na Intsik na nais magkaroon ng konsulado sa Pilipinas

Juli
Anak ni Kabesang Tales at katipan naman ni Basilio

Hermana Bali
Naghimok kay Juli upang humingi ng tulong kay Padre Camorra

Hermana Penchang
Ang mayaman at madasaling babae na pinaglilingkuran ni Juli

Ginoong Leeds
Ang misteryosong Amerikanong nagtatanghal sa perya

Imuthis
Ang mahiwagang ulo sa palabas ni G. Leeds


source: http://angelfilibusterismo.blogspot.com/p/el-filibusterismo.html

Florante at Laura (Buod ng bawat kabanata)

Florante at Laura (Buod ng bawat kabanata) 

2. Kabanata 1

Kay Selya Kapag naaalaala ng makata ang nakaraan, iisang babae ang binabalikan niya sa gunita, si Celia lamang. Matamis ang kanilang pag-iibigan at masaya sila habang namamasyal sa Ilog Beata at Hilom. Ngunt ngayo’y di mapigilan ng makata ang pagluha kapag naiisip na baka naagaw na ng iba ang pag-ibig ni Celia. Dahil sa kalungkutan, natutong magsulat ng tula ang makata. Inihahandog niya ang tulang ito kay Celia, na ang sagisag ay M.A.R.

3. Kabanata 2

Sa Babasa Nito Nagpapasalamat ang makata sa mga babasa ng kanyang awit. Ang kanyang akda ay parang bubot na prutas sa unang tingin ngunit masarap kapag ninamnam. Hinihiling ng makata na huwag babaguhin ang kanyang berso at pakasuriin muna ito bago pintasan. Kung may bahaging di malinawan, iminumungkahi niyang tumingin lamang ang mambabasa sa ibaba ng pahina at may paliwanag doon. Ipinakiusap din niya na huwag babaguhina ng mga salita sapagkat sa halip na mapabuti ay baka sumama pa ang akda.

4. Kabanata 3

Tagpuan Nagsisimula ang awit sa isang madilim at mapanglaw na gubat na di halos mapasok ng sikat ng araw. Madawag ang gubat at maraming puno ng higera at sipres. Maraming hayop dito, tulad ng ahas, basilisko, hyena, tigre at leon. Sa isang punong higera sa gitna ng gubat, naktali ang paa, kamay at leeg ng isang guwapong binata, na may makinis na balat at kulay gintong buhok. Sayang walang mga nimpa sa gubat na makapagliligtas sa binata.

5. Kabanata 4

Ang Reynong Albanya Umiiyak ang binatang nakagapos. Sinabi niyang naghahari ang kasamaan sa kahariang Albanya. Bawal magsabi ng totoo, may parusa itong kamatayan. Kagagawan ni Konde Adolfo ang lahat, sapagkat ibig nitong mapasakanya ang kapangyarihan ni Haring Linseo at ang kayamanan ni Duke Briseo na ama ng nakagapos.

6. Kabanata 5

Pighati ng Nagmamahal Nakikiusap ang binatang nakagapos na ibagsak ng kalangitan ang poot nito at parusahan ang masasama. Alam niyang lahat ng nangyayari ay sa ikabubuti ng lahat kaya’t nakahanda siyang magdusa. Ang tanging hiling niya ay sana, maalaala siya ng minamahal na si Laura. Kung naiisip niyang iniiyakan ni Laura ang kanyang pagkamatay, para na rin siyang nagkaroon ng buhay na walng hanggan. Ngunit ang labis na ipinaghihirap ng kanyang loob ay ang hinalang baka naagaw na ng kanyang karibal na si Adolfo ang pagmamahal ni Laura.

7. Kabanata 6

Magandang Alaala Larawan ng kalungkutan at pagseselos ang binatang nakagapos. Isinigaw niya sa buong kagubatan ang kanyang sama ng loob dahil tila nalimot na siya ni Laura, ngayon pa namang kailangan niya ito. Noon, kapag patungo sa digmaan, ang binata ay pinababaunan ni Laura ng luha at ng bandang may letrang L at mahahalagang bato. Pagkagaling sa labanan, munting galos ng binata ay huhugasan agad ni Laura ng luha. At kung nalulungkot ang binata pinipilit siyang aliwin ni Laura.

8. Ibig ng binatang nakagapos na muling ipakita ni Laura ang dating pag- aalaala sa kanya. Ngunit natatakot ang lalaki na baka naagaw na ni Adolfo so Laura. Kaya’t nasabi niyang pasasalamatan pa niya si Adolfo pahirapan man siya nang husto, huwag lamang agawin si Laura. Lumuha ng lumuha ang lalaki hanggang sa siya’y mapayukayok.

9. Kabanata 7

Kapangyarihan ng Pag-ibig Nagkataong dumating sa gubat ang isang mandirigma o gerero na sa pananamit ay masasabing isang Morong taga-Persiya. Naupo ito sa lilim ng isang puno at lumuluhang naghimutok. Nagbanta siya na sino mang umagaw sa pagmamahal ng babae ay papatayin niya, maliban sa kanyang ama. Naihimutok ng gererong Moro na sadyang napakalaki ng kapangyarihan ng pag-ibig. Kahit mag-aama’y nag-aaway nang dahil sa pag-ibig.

10. Kabanata 8

Duke Briseo: Amang Mapagmahal Nang huminto sa paghihimutok ang gerero, nagulat pa ito sa sumalit na buntung hininga ng lalaking nakagapos. Moo’y ginugunita ng nakagapos ang amang mapagmahal na ipinapatay ni Adolfo. Pinaghiwa-hiwalay ang ulo, katawan at mga kamay ng kanyang ama at walang nakapangahas na ito’y ilibing. Ngunit hanggang sa huling sandali, tanging kapakanan ng kaisa-isang anak ang nasa isip ng ama.

11. Kabanata 9

Amang di dapat pamarisan Naalaala rin ng gerero ang sariling ama na kaiba sa ama ng lalaking nakagapos ay di nagpakita ng pagmamahal sa anak minsan man. Ang lalong masakit, ang kanyang ama pa ang umagaw sa babaing kanyang pinakamamahal. Maagang naulila sa ina ang gerero kaya’t di siya nakatikim ng pagmamahal ng magulang. Naputol ang iniisip ng gerero nang marinig sa nakagapos na malibing man ito ay patuloy pa ring mamahalin si Laura.

12. Kabanata 10

 Panganib na Nakaamba Dalawang leon ang papalapit sa nakagapos ngunit parang naaawang napahinto ang mga ito sa harap ng lalaki. Sa harap ng nagbabantang kamatayan sa pangil ng mga leon, nagpaalam ang binata sa bayang Albanya na pinaghandugan ng kanyang paglilingkod at kay Laura. Sinabi ng binata na ang lalong ipinaghihirap ng kanyang loob ay ang pangyayaring haharapin niya ang kamatayan nang di angkin ang pag-ibig ni Laura.

13. Kabanata 11

Ang Tagapagligtas Hindi na natiis ng gerero ang naririnig na daing. Kaya’t hinanap niya ang pinanggagalingan ng tinig. Pinagputol-putol ng gerero ang mga dawag hanggang marating ang kinaroroonan ng nakagapos. Anyong sisilain na ng dalawang leon ang binata na sa tindi ng hirap ay nawalan ng malay. Pinagtataga ng gerero ang dalawang leon hanggang sa mapatay. Pagkatapos kinalagan nito at kinalong ang binata.

14. Kabanata 12

Atas ng Langit Nang matauhan ang binata, si Laura agad ang unang hinanap. Nagulat pa ito nang mamalayang nasa kandungan siya, hindi ni Laura, kundi ng isang Moro. Ipinaliwanag ng gerero na di niya natiis na di tulungan ang binata, sapagkat magkaiba man sila ng pananampalataya, nakaukit din sakanyang puso ang pagtulong sa kapwa, gaya ng iniuutos ng Langit ng mga Kristiyano. Sa halip na magpasalamat, isinagot ng binata na higit pang ibig niyang mamatay sa laki ng hirap na dinaranas. Sa narinig na ito, napasigaw ang gerero.

15. Kabanata 13

Mga Mapagpalangkamay Walang kibuan ang dalawa hanggang sa lumubog ang araw. Dinala ng gerero ang binata sa isang isang malapad at malinis na bato. Dito pinakain ng Moro ang binata na di nagtagal ay nakatulog sa kanyang kandungan. Magdamag na binantayan ng gerero ang binata, na tuwing magigising ay naghihimutok. Nang magising kinaumagahan, nakapagpanibagong lakas na ang binata. Itinanong ng Moro ang dahilan ng paghihirap ng loob nito.

16. Kabanata 14

Bugtong na Anak Isinalaysay ng binata ang kanyang buhay. Siya’y si Florante, nag- iisang anak ni Duke Briseo ng Albanya, at ni Prinsesa Floresca ng Krotona. Sa Albanya siya lumaki at nagkaisip. Ang kanyang ama’y tanungan o sanggunian ni Haring Linseo at tumatayong pangalawang puno sa kaharian. Isang matapang na pinuno at mapagmahal na ama si Duke Briseo.

17. May ilang mahalagang pangyayari noong bata pa si Florante. Nang sanggol pa’y muntik na siyang madagit ng isang buwitre ngunit nailigtas siya ng pinsang si Menalipo. Isang araw, isang ibong arkon ang biglang pumasok sa salas at dinagit ang kanyang dyamanteng kupido sa dibdib. Nang siya’y siyam na taon na, pinalili[pas niya ang maghapon sa pamamasyal sa burol. Bata pa’y natuto na siyang mamana ng mga ibon at iba pang hayop. Naging mapagmahal siya sa kalikasan.

18. Kabanata 15

Laki sa Layaw Lumaki sa galak si Florante. Ngunit ngayon niya naisip na di dapat palakhin sa layaw ang bata sapagkat sa mundong ito’y higit ang hirap kaysa sarap. Ang batang nasanay sa ginhawa ay maramdamin at di makatatagal sa hirap. Alam ito ni Duke Briseo. Kaya’t tiniis nito ang luha ng asawa at masakit man sa loob na mawalay sa anak, ipinadla siya ng ama sa Atenas upang doon mag-aral.

19. Kabanata 16

Nahubdan ng Balatkayo Labing-isang taong gulang si Florante nang ipadala sa Atenas upang mag-aral. Ang naging guro niya rito ay si Antenor. Isa sa mga estudyante rito ay ang kababayang si Adolfo, na nang una ay nadama na si Florante na tila pakunwari lamang ang kabaitan ni Adolfo. Anim na taon sa Atenas si Florante. Sa loob ng panahong ito, natuto siya ng pilosopiya, astrolohiya at matematika.

20. Kabanata 17

Nalulumbay na Puso Nanguna si Florante sa katalinuhan at dinaig niya maging si Adolfo. Napabalita ang una sa buong Atenas. Dito na lumabas ang tunay na pagkatao ni Adolfo. Sa isang dulang ginampanan nina kapwa ni Florante, pinagtangkaan nitong patayin ang huli. Salamat at nailigtas siya ng kaibigang si Menandro. Kinabukasan din, umuwi sa Albanya si Adolfo.

21. Naiwan sa Atenas si Florante at nagtagal doon nang isang taon pa. isang araw, tumanggap ng liham si Florante mula sa ama. Sinasabi sa sulat na namatay ang kanyang ina. Nawalan ng malay si Florante sa tindi ng kalungkutan. Hindi nakabawas sa kanyang kalungkutan ang tapat na pakikiramay ng guro at mga kamag-aral. .

22. Kabanata 18

Paalam, Bayan ng Atenas Pagkaraan ng dalawang buwan ng matinding kalungkutan para kay Florante dumating ang ikalawang sulat ng kanyang ama, kasama ang sasakyang sumundo sa kanya. Bago umalis pinagbilinan si Florante ng gurong si Antenor na pakaingatan ng una si Adolfo sapagkat tiyak itong maghihiganti. Idinagdag pang huwag padadala si Florante sa magiliw na pakikiharap. Pinayuhan siyang lihim na maghanda nang hindi nagpapahalata. Pinayagan ni Antenor si Menandro na sumama kay Florante. Ang magkaibigan ay inihatid ng kanilang mga kamag-aral hanggang sa daungan.

23. Kabanata 19

Sa Bayan ng Crotona Di nagtagal nakarating sa Albanya ang magkaibigan. Pagkakita sa ama, napaluha si Florante nang muling manariwa ang sakit ng loob sa pagkamatay ng ina. Noon dumating ang sugo ni Haring Linseo, dala ang sulat ng Hari ng Crotona na humihingi ng tulong sapagkat nilusob ang Krotona ni Heneral Osmalikng Persiya. Pangalawa ito ng bantog na si Prinsipe Aladin na hinahangaan ni Florante at ayon sa balita’y kilabot sa buong mundo. Sa narinig, napangiti ang Moro at nagsabing bihirang magkatotoo ang mga balita at karaniwang may dagdag na. Nagtungo sa palasyo ng Albanya ang mag-ama. Doon masakit man sa loob, pumayag din ang ama ni Florante nang ito’y hirangin ng hari na heneral ng hukbo.

24. Kabanata 20

Kagandahang Walang Kawangis Nakilala ni Florante ang anak ng hari na si Laura, isang dalagangkaagaw ni Venus sa kagandahan, isang kagandahang mahirap isiping makapagtataksil. Sa harap ng kagandahan ni Laura, laging nagkakamali ng sasabihin si Florante sapagkat natatakot siyang baka di maging marapat sa dalaga.

25. Kabanata 21
Pangarap na Pagibig Tatlong araw ang piging ng hari para kay Florante. Sa loob ng panahong ito ay di man lamang nakausap ni Florante nang sarilinan si Laura. Sa kabutihang-palad, isang araw bago umalis sina Florante upang makidigma, nakausap nito ang dalaga at pinagtapatan ng pag-ibig. Hindi sumagot ng ‘oo” ang dalaga ngunit lumuha siya nang umalis si Florante patungong digmaan.

26. Kabanata 22

Tagumpay at Pighati Dahil sa luhang pabaon ni Laura, natiis ni Florante ang kalungkutang bunga ng pagkawalay sa minamahal. Pagdating sa digmaan, naabutan ng hukbo nina Florante na halos mawasak na ang kaaway ang kuta ng Krotona. Ngunit magiting na nagtanggol si Florante at ang kanyang mga kawal hanggang sa hamunin ni Osmalik si Florante na silang dalawa ang magharap. Limang oras silang naglaban hanggang sa mapatay ni Florante si Osmalik. Ipinagbunyi ng taong-bayan si Florante lalo nang malamang ito’y apo ng hari ng Krotona. Ngunit nahaluan ng lungkot ang kanilang kagalakan nang magkita ang maglolo. Muling nanariwa ang kirot ng pagkamatay ng ina ni Florante. Dito naisip ni Florante na walang lubos na ligaya sa mundo. Pagkaraan ng limang buwan sa Krotona, nagpilit nang bumalik sa Albanya si Florante upang makita si Laura. Ngunit nang malapit na at natatanaw na ang moog ng Albanya, biglang kinutuban si Florante.

27. Kabanata 23
Pag-ibig na Pilit Hindi nagkamali ang kutob ni Florante. Nakawagayway sa Albanya ang bandilang Moro. Pinatigil muna ni Florante ang kanyang hukbo sa paanan ng bundok. Mula roon natanaw nilang tila pupugutan ng ulo ang isang babae. Dali-daling lumusob sina Florante at ginapi ang mga Moro. Naligtas ang babae na walng iba kundi si Laura. Papupugutan ng ulo ang dalaga sapagkat tinanggihan nito ang pag-ibig ng emir at ito’y sinampal pa. noon binigkas ni Laura ang “sintang Florante.” Pinawalan ni Florante ang hari, ang kaniyang ama at ang iba pang bilanggong kinabibilangan ni Adolfo. Lalong nainggit si Adolfo kay Florante hindi lamang dahil sa papuring tinanggap kundi dahil nakamit pa niya ang pag-ibig ni Laura. Dahil dito, muling nagbalak si Adolfo na ipahamak si Florante.

28. Kabanata 24
Patibong ng Taksil Pagkalipas ng ilang buwan, lumusob ang hukbo ng Turkiya sa pamumuno ni Miramolin. Ngunit tinalo si Florante si Miramolin. Naging sunod-sunod ang tagumpay ni Florante hanggang sa umabot sa 17 ang mga haring nagsigalang sa kanya. Isang araw, nasa Etolya si Florante at ang kanyang hukbo nang dumating ang sulat ng hari na nagpapauwi sa kanya. Iniwan niya ang hukbo kay Menandro. Ngunit pagdating sa Albanya, nilusob siya ng 30,000 sandatahan at noon di’y ibinilanggo. Noon niya nalamang ipinapatay ni Adolfo si Haring Linseo at ang kanyang amang si Duke Briseo. Si Laura nama’y nakatakdang ikasal kay Adolfo. Labingwalong araw na ipiniit si Florante. Pagkaraan, itinali siya sa gubat na kinatagpuan sa kanya ng gererong Moro.

29. Kabanata 25

Ang Hinagpis ng Girero Nang matapos magsalaysay si Florante, nagpakilala ang Moro. Siya si Aladin mula sa Persiya na anak ni Sultan Ali-Adab. Sinabi ni Aladin na yamang kapwa sila sawi ni Florante, mamuhay na silang magkasama sa gubat. Noon isinalaysay ni Aladin ang kanyang pinagdaanang buhay. Ikinuwento niya ang pakana ng sarili niyang ama upang maagaw sa kanya si Flerida. Ipinapakulong siya nito sa bintang na iniwan niya ang hukbo sa Albanya kahit wala pang utos ng sultan. At nang mabawi ni Florante ang Albanya, hinatulang pugutan ng ulosi Aladin. Pinatawad siya sa kondisyong aalis siya sa Persiya noon din. Bagama’t nakaligtas sa kamatayan, higit pang ibig ni Aladin na mamatay kaysa maagaw ng iba ang pagmamahal ni Flerida.

30. Kabanata 26

Mga Tinig ng Pag-ibig Natigil sa pag-uusap ang dalawa nang marinig ang dalawang babaing nag-uusap. Ayon sa isa, nang malaman niyang papupugutan ng ulo ang kanyang minamahal, nagmakaawa siya sa sultan. Pumayag ang sultan na patawarin ang nobyo ng babae, kung papayag itong pakasal sa sultan. Walang nagawa ang babae kundi ang sumang-ayon. Ngunit nakaalis ang kanyang nobyo nang di sila nagkausap. Nang gayak na ang kanilang kasal tumakas ang babae na nakadamit- gerero. Ilang taon siyang naglagalag sa mga bundok at gubat hanggang sa mailigtas niya ang kausap. Nang biglang sumulpot sina Florante at Aladin. Sa di inaasahang pagtatagpong iyon, di masusukat ang kaligayahan ng apat na tauhan.

31. Kabanata 27

Sa Bingit ng Kamatayan Si Laura naman ang nagsalaysay. Ayon sa kanya, napapaniwala ni Adolfo na gugutumin ng hari ang taong-bayan kaya’t nagkagulo ang mga ito. Kasunod ng pagkakagulo, ipinapatay ni Adolfo ang hari at ang matatapat na alagad nito. Inagaw ni Adolfo ang pagkahari at pinilit si Laurang pakasal sa kanya. Hindi nagpapahalata ng tunay na niloloob, pumayag si Laura ngunit humingi ng limang buwang palugit upang magkapanahong mapauwi si Florante. Sa kasamaang- palad, nahulog si Florante sa pakana ni Adolfo at naipatapon. Handa nang magpakamatay si Laura nang dumating si Menandro na siyang nakatanggap ng sulat ni Laura kay Florante. Tumakas si Adolfo, tangay si Laura na pinagtangkaang abusuhin sa gubat na iyon. Siya namang pagdating ni Flerida. Pinana nito si Adolfo na namatay noon din.

32. Kabanata 28

Masayang Wakas Matapos ang pagkukuwento ni Laura, dumating si Menandro na may kasamang hukbo. Laking tuwa nito nang makita ang kaibigang si Florante. Ipinagbunyi ng hukbo ang bagong hari na si Florante. Ipinagsama nina Florante sa Albanya sina Aladin at Flerida na kapwa pumayag na maging Kristiyano. Nakasal sina Florante at Laura at sina Aladin at Flerida. Umuwi sa Persiya sina Aladin at Flerida nang mamatay si Sultan Ali-Adab. Nagpasalamat sa Diyos ang mga mamamayang nasisiyahan sa pamumuno nina Florante at Laura.

source: http://floranteatlaurasummary.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, June 6, 2018

For Direct Hire Overseas Memorandum Circular No. 08 Series of 2018 from POEA

Hello world!

I may not be the only one who is in this situation but I am very confused with this.

Last month, I inquired via e-mails and call about the requirements for direct hire but they have told me that direct hiring is banned, since last year. I sent plenty of emails to POEA during that time until I a reply last May 29, 2018 and it contains the new process for direct hire(s). Please see this email below and please visit the link and read its information.


Correct me if I'm wrong, my understanding of the said Memorandum Circular No. 08 is direct hire is now allowed as long as you follow the requirements stated. I have confirmed this already with POEA via call and emails to some of the POEA satellite offices.

So here's the problem and got me really confused, since verified contract is an important requirement. I send an inquiry via email to POLO of the country where I supposed to work and their reply is this.



So there!!!!! How come in POLO direct hiring is banned while POEA said that it is okay already?

Maybe I just don't understand the MC from POEA.

Please comment below if we have the same issue.


Sunday, September 17, 2017

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH


 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
• Philippine Literature in English reveals the spirit of the Filipino.
• Gradually this literature has learned to express the deepest of human experiences in words that create memorable images.

SOME CONCURRENTSIGNIFICANT HISTORICALAND LITERARY EVENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

HISTORICAL
• 1898- American forces occupy Manila
• 1900- On January 29th, Taal Volcano erupts, killing 1,300 people and destroying 13 villages.
• 1901. Civil government is inaugurated with Judge William H. Taft as governor.
• 1907: Establishment of the first Philippine Assembly. Sergio Osmeña serves as the speaker from 1907-1922
• 1908- University of the Philippines was founded.
• 1909- Manuel L Quezon is appointed as Filipino Resident Commissioner to the United States.
• 1913-1931- Governor General Francis Burton Harrison initiates policy of Filipinizing the government.

LITERARY
• 1900- English becomes the official medium of instruction of all public schools.
• 1901- The Philippine Normal School was founded. Its purpose was to train Filipinos in the Art of Teaching so that they could eventually take charge of elementary education.
• 1905- The Philippine Free Press was founded
7. • 1910- The College Folio is published at the University of the Philippines.- This magazine printed the works of the first promising writers in English. These early selections were mostly ghost stories or folk tales explaining natural phenomena.
• 1920- The Philippine Herald began publication. It was founded by Manuel L. Quezon and its magazine section was edited by Paz Marquez Benitez.
• 1921- First Filipino novel in English, A Child of Sorrow, is written by Zoilo M. Galang.
 • First volume of essays in English, Life and Success, is published by Zoilo M. Galang.
• 1924- Philippine Education Magazine is started. It is later renamed Philippine Magazine.
• 1925- The Philippine Free Press offers a literary prizes.• 1927- The writers club was founded at the University of the Philippines.

Chapter 5The American Regime (1898-1941)
Historical Background
The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized us for more than 300years. Our flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the first President of the Philippine Republic but this was short-lived.The Fil.-American was resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903.The peace movements started as early as 1900. Many Filipinos started writing again and thenationalism of the people remained undaunted.

Filipino writers went into all forms ofliterature like news, reporting, poetry,stories, plays, essays, and novels. Theirwritings clearly depicted their love ofcountry and their longings for independence.

The active arousal in the field of literaturestarted to be felt in the followingnewspapers.

1. EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day).Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900. TheAmerican censors twice banned this andthreatened Osmeña with banishment becauseof his nationalistic writings.
2. EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation). Established by Pascual Poblete in1900.
3. EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth). Founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.

There were also plays written then but after the first and second presentations, the Americans put a stop to this because of the consistenttheme of nationalism. Included here were the following:

1. KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday,Today and Tomorrow).
 Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the Americans and their plan to colonize the Philippines.

2. TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad.

3. MALAYA by Tomas Remigio.
4. WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes.

A. Characteristics of Literature during This Period
Three groups of writers contributed to Philippine Literature during this period.

During the first year of the American period, the languages used inwriting were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the differentregions, but Spanish and Tagalog predominated.In 1910, a new group started to write in English.Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally, English, werethe mediums used in literature during these times. While the threegroups were one in their ideas and spirit, they differed in theirmethods of reporting. The writers in Spanish were wont to write onnationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes.
15. The writers in Tagalog continued in theirlamentations on the conditions of thecountry and their attempts to arouse love forone’s native tongue. The writers in Englishimitated the themes and methods of theAmericans.A. Literature in SpanishThe inspiration of our Filipino writers inSpanish was Rizal not only because of hisbeing a national leader but also because ofhis novels NOLI and FILI. These two novelscontained the best qualities of a novel everwritten, in English or in Filipino. Those whowere inspired to write in praise of him wereCecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero,Jesus Balmori, Manuel Bernabe and Claro M.Recto.
16. CECILIO APOSTOLCecilio Apostol wrote poems dedicated to Rizal,Jacinto, Mabini and all other heroes but his poemdedicated to Rizal is considered the best poem inpraise of the hero of Bagumbayan. FERNANDO MA. GUERREROIt is believed that Fernando Ma. Guerrero sharedwith Apostol the reign in the balagtasan inSpanish during their time.
17. He also dedicated a poem to Rizal but hecollected the best of his poems in a book calledCRISALIDAS, meaning, a kind of black, woolycaterpillar. JESUS BALMORIJesus Balmori is well-known for his pen nameof Batikuling. He and Manuel Bernabeparticipated in a debate on the topic –(Remembrance and Forgetfulness). He waselected Poet Laureate in Spanish bestingManuel Bernabe. MANUEL BERNABEManuel Bernabe is a lyric poet and thefierceness of his nationalistic spirit wasunchanged in any topic he wrote about.
18. In his debate with Balmori, he was moreattractive to the public because of themodious words he used. He defendedOLVIDO (Forgetfulness). CLARO M. RECTOIn nobility of speech and theme, Claro M.Recto can compare with the other writers ofSpanish. He collected his poems in a bookentitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS (Under TheCoconut Trees).Other Writers in Spanish1. Adelina Guerrea was the first woman poetin the Philippines who was good in Spanish.She obtained the Zobel prize in her song ElNido. (The Nest).
19. 2. Isidro Marpori became famous for his fourbooks entitled Aromas de Ensueño (Scents ofDreams).3. Macario Adriatico wrote of a legend ofMindoro entitle La Punta de Salto (The Placeof Origin).4. Epifanio de los Santos (known as DonPAnyong). He was a good leader and biographerduring the whole period of Spanish literature.5. Pedro Aunario wrote the Decalogo delProteccionismo.B. Filipino LiteratureFLORANTE AT LAURA of Francisco Balagtasand URBANA AT FELISA of Modesto de Castrobecame the inspiration of the Tagalog writers.Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified three kindsof Tagalog poets: They were:
20. 1. Poet of the Heart (Makata ng Puso). Theseincluded Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado,Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Deogracias del Rosario,Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, NemecioCarabana, and Mar Antonio.2. Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay). Led by LopeK Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, FlorentinoCollantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos Garmaitan,and Amado V. Hernandez.3. Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan).Led by Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano,Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio.
21. In the realm of short stories that started toappear in the column PangsandaliangLibangan (Short-time Leisure) and Dagli(Fast) we find here the names of Lope K.Santos, Patricio Mariano, and RosauroAlmario. In the Liwayway Publications, wefind Deogracias Rosario, Teodoro Gener, andCirio H. Panganiban.Noted novelists or biographers wereValeriano Hernandez Peña, Lope K. Santos,Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Faustino Aguilar, etc.Here are the autobiographies of some of thewriters mentioned:
22. LOPE K. SANTOSLope K. Santos, a novelist, poet and author,and grammarian covered three periods ofTagalog literature – American, Japanese and thecontemporary period. If Manuel L. Quezon iscalled the Father of the National Language,Lope K. Santos is called the Father of theNational Language Grammar. He was alsocalled the “Apo” of the Tagalog writers.BANAAG AT SIKAT was his masterpiece. JOSE CORAZON DE JESUSJose Corazon de Jesus is very popularly knownas Huseng Batute. He was also called the Poetof Love in his time. ANG ISANG PUNONGKAHOY (A TREE), an elegy, is believed to be hismasterpiece.
23. AMADO V. HERNANDEZAmado V. Hernandez was dubbed Makata ngmga Manggagawa (Poet of the Laborers) inour literature because he pictures in hispoem the intense love for the poor worker orlaborer. To him, a poem is a scent,bittersweet memories, and a murmur offlowing water. The pen is powerful andaccording to him, even a king can be bent bythe pen.
24. He contributed a lot of writings to literaturelike ISANG DIPANG LANGIT (A Stretch ofHeaven), BAYANG MALAYA (A Free Nation),ANG PANDAY (The Blakcsmith), and MUNTINGLUPA (A Small Plot), but his masterpiece is ANGPANDAY. VALERIANO HERNANDEZ PEÑATogether with Lope K. Santos he reached thesummit of his novel-writing. He was known asTandang Anong and his pen name was KuntilButil (Small Grain). He considers NENA ATNENENG his masterpiece.
25. IÑIGO ED. REGALADOIñigo Ed. Regalado was a son of a popularwriter during the Spanish time known asOdalger. He proved that he not only followedthe footsteps of his father but also reachedthe peak of his success by the “sumpong”(whim) of his pen. He also became a popularstory-teller, novelist and newspaperman. The Tagalog DramaDuring the advent of the American period,Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilaganstarted the movement against the moro-moro ( a play on the Spanish strugglesagainst the Muslims) and struggled to showthe people the values one can get from thezarzuela and the simple plays.
26. The people one should not forget in the field ofwriting are the following:1. Severino Reyes. Father of the Tagalogdrama and author of the immortal WALANGSUGAT.2. Aurelio Tolentino. The dramatist in whomthe Kapampangans take pride. Included in hiswritings were LUHANG TAGALOG, hismasterpiece, and KAHAPON, NGAYONG ATBUKAS that resulted in his incarceration.3. Hermogenes Ilagan. Founded the groupCampaña Ilagan that presented many dramas inCentral Luzon.
27. 4. Patricio Mariano. Wrote the novel NINAYand ANAK NG DAGAT (Son of the Sea), hismasterpiece.5. Julian Cruz Balmaceda. Wrote BUNGANGANG PATING (Shark’s Mouth). This gave himmuch honor and fame. The Tagalog Short StoryTwo collections of Tagalog stories werepublished during the American Period. Firstwas the MGA KUWENTONG GINTO (GoldenStories) published in 1936 and %) KUWENTONGGINTO ng 50 BATIKANG KUWENTISTA (50Golden Stories by 50 Noted Storytellers) in1939. The first was written by AlejandroAbadilla and Clodualdo del Mundo thatcontained the 25 best stories according tothem.
28. The second was written by Pedrito Reyes.PAROLANG GINTO (Golden Lantern) andTALAANG BUGHAW (Blue List) of Abadillabecame popular during this period. Tagalog PoetryAlmost all Tagalog writers during theAmerican Period were able to composebeautiful poems which made it difficult toselect the best. Even if poetry writing is asold as history, poetry still surfaces with itssweetness, beauty, and melody.
29. Other Forms of LiteratureThe following are those recognized in the fieldof Ilocano Literature:1. Pedro Bukaneg. Father of IlocanoLiterature. From his name was derived theword Bukanegan, which means Balagtasan (apoetic contest) in Ilocano.2. Claro Caluya. Prince of Ilocano Poets.Known as poet and novelist.3. Leon Pichay. Known as the bestBukanegero (from Bukaneg). Also a poet,novelist, short story writer, dramatist andessayist.
30. Literature of the Kapampangans (Pampango Literature)Two stalwarts in the literature of theKapampangans stand out: they are:1. Juan Crisostomo Soto. (Father ofKapampangan Literature). The wordCRISOTAN (meaning Balagtasan) in Tagalogis taken from his name.2. Aurelio Tolentino. He truly proved hisbeing a Kaampangan in his translation ofKAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS intoKapampangan which he calledNAPON, NGENI AT BUKAS.
31. Visayan LiteratureThe following are the top men in Visayanliterature:1. Eriberto Gumban. (Father of VisayanLiterature). He wrote a zarzuela, moro-moroand a play in Visayan.2. Magdalena Jalandoni. She devoted hertalent to the novel. She wrote ANG MGATUNUK SAN ISA CA BULACLAC.
32. C. Philippine Literature in EnglishIn a way, we can say that we can trace thebeginnings of Philippine literature in Englishwith the coming of the Americans. For thispurpose, we can divide this period into threetime frames, namely:1. The Period of Re-orientation: 1898-19102. The Period of Imitation: 1910-19253. The Period of Self-Discovery: 1925-1941
33. (1) The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)English as a literary vehicle came with theAmerican occupation in August 13, 1898 and asthey say, a choice bestowed on us by history.By 1900, English came to be used as a mediumof instruction in the public schools. From theAmerican forces were recruited the firstteachers of English.By 1908, the primary and intermediate gradeswere using English. It was also about this timewhen UP, the forerunner in the use of Englishin higher education, was founded.
34. Writers of this period were still adjusting tothe newfound freedom after the paralyzingeffect of repression of thought and speechunder the Spanish regime. They wereadjusting the idea of democracy, to the newphraseology of the English language and tothe standards of the English literary styleWriters had to learn direct expression asconditioned by direct thinking. They had tolearn that sentence constructions; soundsand speech in English were not the same asin the vernacular. They had to discardsentimentality and floridity of language forthe more direct and precise Englishlanguage.
35. Not much was produced during this period andwhat literature was produced was not much ofliterary worth. The first attempts in Englishwere in two periodicals of this time:(a) El Renacimiento: founded in Manila byRafael Palma in 1901.(b) Philippines Free Press: established inManila in 1905 by R. McCullough Dick and D.Theo Rogers.POETRYIn 1907, Justo Juliano’s SURSUM CORDAwhich appeared in the Renacimiento was thefirst work to be published in English.
36. In 1909, Jan F. Salazar’s MY MOTHER andhis AIR CASTLES were also published in thispaper.It was also in 1909 when Proceso Sebastianfollowed with his poem TO MY LADY INLAOAG, also in this same paper.(2) The Period of Imitation (1910-1924)By 1919, the UP College Folio published theliterary compositions of the first Filipinowriters in English. They were the pioneersin short story writing.
37. They were then groping their way intoimitating American and British models whichresulted in a stilted, artificial and unnaturalstyle, lacking vitality and spontaneity. Theirmodels included Longfellow and Hawthorne,Emerson and Thoreau, Wordsworth andTennyson, Thackeray and Macaulay,Longfellow, Allan Poe, Irving and otherAmerican writers of the Romantic School.Writers of this folio included FernandoMaramag (the best editorial writer of thisperiod) Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez,Vicente del Fierro,
38. and Francisco M. Africa and VictorianoYamzon. They pioneered in English poetry.ESSAYSThe noted essayists of this time were: CarlosP. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez,and Vicente Hilario.Their essays were truly scholarlycharacterized by sobriety, substance andstructure. They excelled in the seriousessay, especially the editorial type.
39. The next group of writers introduced theinformal essay, criticism and the journalisticcolumn. They spiced their work with humor,wit and satire. These group included IgnacioManlapaz, Godefredo Rivera, FedericoMangahas, Francisco B. Icasiano, Salvador P.Lopez, Jose Lansang and Amando G. Dayrit.SHORT STORIESIn the field of short stories, DEAD STARS byPaz Marquez Benitez written in the early 1920’sstand out as a model of perfection in characterdelineation, local color, plot and message.Other short stories published during this timewere but poor imitations of their foreignmodels.
40. The UP College Folio was later replaced bythe Philippine Collegian. Newspapers andperiodicals also saw print during this timelike the Bulletin, the Philippines Herald(1920), the Philippine Review, theIndependent, Rising Philippines andCitizens, and the Philippine EducationMagazine 1924.D. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth(1925-1941)By this time, Filipino writers had acquiredthe mastery of English writing. They nowconfidently and competently wrote on a lotof subjects although the old-time favorites oflove and youth persisted. They went into allforms of writing like the novel and thedrama.
41. 1. POETRYNoteworthy names in this field include Marcelode Gracia Concepcion, Jose Garcia Villa, AngelaManalang Gloria, Abelardo Subido, TrinidadTarrosa Subido and Rafael Zulueta da Costa.They turned our not only love poems butpatriotic, religious, descriptive and reflectivepoems as well. They wrote in free verse, inodes and sonnets and in other types. Poetrywas original, spontaneous, competently writtenand later, incorporated social consciousness.2. THE SHORT STORY (1925-1941)Probably because of the incentives provided bypublications like the Philippine Free Press, TheGraphic, The Philippine Magazine and collegepublications like the UP Literary Apprentice,poetry and the short story flourished duringthese times.
42. Other writers during this time includeOsmundo Sta. Romana, Arturo Rotor, PazLatorena’s Sunset, and Jose Garcia Villa’s Mir-in-isa. From 1930 to 1940, the Golden Era ofFilipino writing in English saw the short storywriters “who have arrived,” like JoseLansang’s The Broken Parasol, Sinai C.Hamada’s Talanata’s Wife, Fausto Dugenio’sWanderlust, Amando G. Dayrit’s His Gift andYesterday, Amador T. Daugio’s The WomanWho Looked Out of the Window.Characteristics of the short stories duringthese times:There were still remnants of Spanish influencein the use of expressions that were florid,sentimental, exaggerated and bombastic. Theinfluence of the Western culture also wasalready evident.
43. 3. ESSAYS AND OTHER PROSE STYLES(1925-1941)Essays during this period improved with theyears in quality and quantity, in content,subject and style. Essayists like Carlos P.Romulo became even more eminent editorialwriters.The notable writers of essays during thisperiod were:a. Political, social reflective essays: Throughtheir newspaper columns the followingbecame very popular: Federico Mangahas,Salvador P. Lopez, Pura S. Castrence, VicenteAlbano Pacis, Ariston Estrada and Jose A.Lansang.
44. b. Critical essays were espoused by SalvadorP. Lopez, I.V. Mallari, Ignacio Manlapaz, JoseGarcia Villa, Arturo B. Rotor, and Leopoldo Y.Yabes. An example of this is Maximo V.Soliven’s THEY CALLED IT BROTHERHOOD.c. Personal or Familiar essays were writtenby F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko), Alfredo E.Litiatco, Solomon V. Arnaldo, Amando G.Dayrit and Consuelo Gar (Catuca).
45. Some of the notable works during this timewere:1940:Salvador P. Lopez’ LITERATURE ANDSOCIETY which is a collection of criticalreflections and serious essays and which wonfirst prize in the Commonwealth LiteraryContest of 1940.1940:Camilo Osias published THE FILIPINOWAY OF LIFE, a series of essays on the Filipinoway of life as drawn from history, folkways,philosophy and psychology of the Philippines.
46. 1941: F.B. Icasiano (Mang Kiko) wasreprints of the best of Icasiano’s essays inthe Sunday Times Magazine under thecolumn From My Nipa Hut. It is an essay ofthe common “tao” and is written with humorand sympathy.August 16, 1941: Carlos P. Romulo had aneditorial printed in the Philippines Herald.Entitled I AM A FILIPINO, it was reprinted inhis book MY BORTHER AMERICANS in 1945in New York by Doubleday & Co.OTHER ESSAYISTS INCLUDE:Ignacio Manlapaz, Vicente Albano Pacis, I.V.Mallari, Jose M. Fernandez, Leopoldo Y.Yabes, Isidro L. Ritizos, Pura Santillan.
47. The Philippine Writer’s League put out acollection of essays called Literature Under theCommonwealth.Amando G. Dayrit with his column GoodMorning Judge led others like Leon Ma.Guerrero, Salvador P. Lopez, Vicente AlbanoPacis, Jose A. Lansang and Federico Mangahas.4. BIOGRAPHY 1925-1941In 1935, I.P. Caballero and Marcelo de GraciaConcepcion wrote about QUEZON.In 1938, THE GREAT MALAYAN won a prize inthe national contest sponsored by theCommonwealth of the Philippines. This waswritten by Carlos Quirino, the most famousbiographer of the period. He also wroteQuezon, the Man of Destiny.
48. In 1940, I.V. Mallari’s The Birth of Discontentrevealed the sensitive touch of a writer who insimple language was able to reveal his profoundthoughts and feelings.5. HISTORYNot much about history has been written byFilipino writers. In 1937, with regard toliterary history, we can cite Teofilo delCastillo’s The Brief History of the PhilippineIslands.6. PUBLICATIONSThe Philippine Free Press provided the firstincentives to Filipino writers in English byoffering prizes to worthwhile contributions.Other publications followed suit.
49. 7. THE DRAMA (1925-1941)Drama during this period did not reach theheights attained by the novel or the shortstory. The UP provided the incentives whenthey introduced playwriting as a course andestablished the UP Little Theater.
50. Exercises1 The Philippine flag was hoisted on _______ as a symbol of our independence.2. The peace movement started as early as _______.3. Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the Americans and their plan to colonize in the Philippines.4. Why Rizal became the inspiration of the Filipino writers.5. A book of Fernando Ma. Guerrero which means kind of black, wooly caterpillar
51. 6. The first woman poet in the Philippines who was good in Spanish7. The Father of the National Language Grammar.8. According to ________ even a king can be sent by the pen.9. A son of a popular writer during the Spanish time known as Odalager10. The Father of Kapampangan Literature
52. 11. His name derived from the word Bukanegan12. In what year did English become a medium of instructions in the public schools.13. The first to break away from the conventional forms and themes of Philippine poetry placed the Philippines on the Literary map with the publication of his books in the U.S.14-15 Their essays were truly scholarly characterized by sobriety, substance and structure
53. Chapter 6The Japanese Period (1941- 1945)
54. Historical BackgroundBetween 1941-1945, Philippine Literature wasinterrupted in its development when thePhilippines was again conquered by anotherforeign country, Japan. Philippine literature inEnglish came to a halt. Except for theTRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almostall newspapers in English were stopped by theJapanese.This had an advantageous effect on FilipinoLiterature, which experienced renewedattention because writers in English turned towriting in Filipino. Juan Laya, who use to writein English turned to Filipino because of thestrict prohibitions of the Japanese regardingany writing in English.
55. The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed understrict surveillance until it was managed byJapanese named Ishiwara.In other words, Filipino literature was givena break during this period. Many wrote plays,poems, short stories, etc. Topics and themeswere often about life in the provinces.A. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIODThe common theme of most poems duringthe Japanese occupation was nationalism,country, love, and life in the barrios, faith,religion and the arts.
56. Three types of poems emerged during thisperiod. They were:1. Haiku – a poem of free verse that theJapanese like. It was made up of 17 syllablesdivided into three lines. The first line had 5syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third,five. The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, isshort and covers a wide scope in meaning.2. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short but it hadmeasure and rhyme. Each line had 17 syllablesand it’s also allegorical in meaning.3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form) – like thosementioned earlier in the beginning chapters ofthis book.
57. B. FILIPINO DRAMA DURING THE JAPANESEPERIODThe drama experienced a lull during theJapanese period because movie houses showingAmerican films were closed. The big moviehouses were just made to show stage shows.Many of the plays were reproductions ofEnglish plays to Tagalog. The translators wereFrancisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, andNarciso Pimentel. They also founded theorganization of Filipino players namedDramatic Philippines. A few of playwriterswere:1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote sa PULA, SAPUTI
58. 3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA (anexpression in the game Hide and Seek).4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BAKAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NGPATAY.C. THE FILIPINO SHORT STORY DURINGTHE JAPANESE PERIODThe field of the short story widened duringthe Japanese Occupation. Many wrote shortstories. Among them were: BrigidoBatungbakal, Macario Pineda, SerafinGuinigindo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos,NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, LigayaPerez, and Gloria Guzman.
59. The best writings in 1945 were selected by agroup of judges composed of FranciscoIcasiano, Jose Esperanza Cruz, AntonioRosales, Clodualdo del Mundo and TeodoroSantos. As a result of this selection, thefollowing got the first three prizes:First Prize: Narciso Reyes with hisLUPANG TINUBUANSecond Prize: Liwayway Arceo’s UHAW ANGTIGANG NA LUPAThird Prize: NVM Gonzales’ LUNSODNAYON AT DAGAT-DAGATAN
60. D. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH(1941-1945)Because of the strict prohibitions imposed bthe Japanese in the writing and publishing ofworks in English, Philippine literature inEnglish experienced a dark period. The fewwho dared to write did so for their bread andbutter or for propaganda.Writings that came out during this period werejournalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressedbut slowly, the spirit of nationalism started toseep into their consciousness. While somecontinued to write, the majority waited for abetter climate to publish their works.
61. Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P.Romulo who won the Pulitzer Prize for hisbestsellers I SAW THE FALL OF THEPHILIPPINES, I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE andhis MOTHER AMERICA AND MY BROTHERAMERICANS.Journalists include Salvador P. Lopez, Leon Ma.Geurrero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulosan.Nick Joaquin produced THE WOMAN WHOLOOKED LIKE LAZARUS. Fred Ruiz Castrowrote a few poems.F.B. Icasino wrote essays in The PhilippineReview.
62. Carlos Bulosan’s works included THELAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944), THEVOICE OF BATAAN, 1943, SIX FILIPINOPOETS, 1942, among others. AlfredoLitiatco published With Harp and Sling andin 1943, Jose P. Laurel published Forces thatMake a Nation Great.The Commonwealth Literary Awards gaveprizes to meritorious writers. Those whowon were:1. LIKE THE MOLAVE – by Rafael Zuluetada Costa (Poetry)2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGTHHOME A WIFE – by Manuel E. Arguilla (ShortStory)
63. 3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY – by Salvador P.Lopez (Essay)4. HIS NATIVE SOIL – by Juan Laya (Novel)President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiographyTHE GOOD FIGHT was published posthumously.Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear anddoubts in the hearts of the people.Other writers of this period were Juan Collas(19440, Tomas Confesor (1945), Roman A. de laCruz and Elisa Tabuñar.
64. Exercises1-2. Almost all newspapers in English were topped by the Japanese except for this two3. It is made up of 17 syllables divided into 3 lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables and the third , 5.4. Like Haiku, is short but it had measure and rhyme5. He won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES, I SEE THE PHILIPPINE RISE and HIS MOTHER AMERICA and MY BROTHER AMERICANS.
65. 6. The title of President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiography7-10. Common themes of most poems during the Spanish Occupation.

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